Two-mode squeezed state as Schrodinger-cat-like state

See on Scoop.it – Bounded Rationality and Beyond

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the generation of superposition of coherent states with opposite phases, the so-called photonic Schr”odinger-cat states. These experiments are very challenging and so far, cats involving small photon numbers only have been implemented. Here, we propose to consider the two-mode squeezed state as an example of a Schr”odinger-cat-like state. In particular, we are interested in various criteria aiming to identify quantum states that are macroscopic superpositions in a more general sense. We show how these criteria can be extended to continuous variable entangled states. We apply them to two-mode squeezed states and argue that they belong to a class of general Schr”odinger-cat states. We provide experimental guidelines to verify their macroscopic quantum nature and to measure their size. Our results not only promote two-mode squeezed states for exploring quantum effects at the macroscopic level but also provide direct measures to evaluate their usefulness for quantum metrology.

See on arxiv.org

Two-mode squeezed state as Schrodinger-cat-like state

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the generation of superposition of coherent states with opposite phases, the so-called photonic Schr\”odinger-cat states. These experiments are very challenging and so far, cats involving small photon numbers only have been implemented. Here, we propose to consider the two-mode squeezed state as an example of a Schr\”odinger-cat-like state. In particular, we are interested in various criteria aiming to identify quantum states that are macroscopic superpositions in a more general sense. We show how these criteria can be extended to continuous variable entangled states. We apply them to two-mode squeezed states and argue that they belong to a class of general Schr\”odinger-cat states. We provide experimental guidelines to verify their macroscopic quantum nature and to measure their size. Our results not only promote two-mode squeezed states for exploring quantum effects at the macroscopic level but also provide direct measures to evaluate their usefulness for quantum metrology.

Source: arxiv.org

See on Scoop.it – Bounded Rationality and Beyond

Consciousness as a State of Matter

We examine the hypothesis that consciousness can be understood as a state of matter, “perceptronium”, with distinctive information processing abilities. We explore five basic principles that may distinguish conscious matter from other physical systems such as solids, liquids and gases: the information, integration, independence, dynamics and utility principles. If such principles can identify conscious entities, then they can help solve the quantum factorization problem: why do conscious observers like us perceive the particular Hilbert space factorization corresponding to classical space (rather than Fourier space, say), and more generally, why do we perceive the world around us as a dynamic hierarchy of objects that are strongly integrated and relatively independent? Tensor factorization of matrices is found to play a central role, and our technical results include a theorem about Hamiltonian separability (defined using Hilbert-Schmidt superoperators) being maximized in the energy eigenbasis. Our approach generalizes Giulio Tononi’s integrated information framework for neural-network-based consciousness to arbitrary quantum systems, and we find interesting links to error-correcting codes, condensed matter criticality, and the Quantum Darwinism program, as well as an interesting connection between the emergence of consciousness and the emergence of time.

  

Source: arxiv.org

See on Scoop.it – Bounded Rationality and Beyond

Consciousness as a State of Matter

See on Scoop.it – Bounded Rationality and Beyond

We examine the hypothesis that consciousness can be understood as a state of matter, “perceptronium”, with distinctive information processing abilities. We explore five basic principles that may distinguish conscious matter from other physical systems such as solids, liquids and gases: the information, integration, independence, dynamics and utility principles. If such principles can identify conscious entities, then they can help solve the quantum factorization problem: why do conscious observers like us perceive the particular Hilbert space factorization corresponding to classical space (rather than Fourier space, say), and more generally, why do we perceive the world around us as a dynamic hierarchy of objects that are strongly integrated and relatively independent? Tensor factorization of matrices is found to play a central role, and our technical results include a theorem about Hamiltonian separability (defined using Hilbert-Schmidt superoperators) being maximized in the energy eigenbasis. Our approach generalizes Giulio Tononi’s integrated information framework for neural-network-based consciousness to arbitrary quantum systems, and we find interesting links to error-correcting codes, condensed matter criticality, and the Quantum Darwinism program, as well as an interesting connection between the emergence of consciousness and the emergence of time.

  
See on arxiv.org